What is next?
You have reached the end of the book – but hopefully not the end of your journey. This chapter collects suggestions for what to explore next, organized by the parts of the book.
Python
- Regular expressions, a powerful mini-language for finding and extracting patterns in text.
- Calling web APIs with the Requests library and working with JSON data.
- Web scraping, e.g., with Beautiful Soup.
- Running Python outside notebooks: writing scripts, using virtual environments, and installing packages with pip or uv.
- Type hints, which make your code easier to read and help editors and tools catch mistakes early.
- Testing your code with pytest.
- Object-oriented programming: defining your own classes.
- Practice, practice, practice: register at Codewars, an excellent site to practice programming (not just in Python).
Pandas
- More time series functionality: rolling-window calculations (
.rolling), shifting and lagging (.shift), and time zones. - Working with datasets larger than memory: choosing appropriate dtypes, reading files in chunks, and Dask, a Python library for parallel computing, including Dask DataFrames with the same API as Pandas.
- Polars, a modern and very fast alternative to Pandas.
- Interactive plotting with Plotly.
- scikit-learn, the standard library for your first steps into machine learning.
Databases and SQL
- Indexes and query performance: how databases find rows quickly, and how to inspect query plans with
EXPLAIN. - Transactions: grouping several statements so that they succeed or fail as a unit.
- Database design: entity-relationship modeling and normalization.
- Beyond SQLite: install and try a client-server database system such as PostgreSQL or MySQL/MariaDB.
- SQLAlchemy, the most popular Python toolkit for working with databases.
- DuckDB, an analytical database that can run SQL directly on CSV and Parquet files and even on Pandas DataFrames – a perfect bridge between the Pandas and SQL worlds.
- A taste of NoSQL: document databases (MongoDB) and key-value stores (Redis).
- Practice: SQL kata on Codewars (using PostgreSQL) or the exercises at PostgreSQL Exercises.